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作者：翟天保Steven
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前言
DICOM（Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine）是医学影像领域的标准格式，广泛应用于X光、CT、MRI等医学图像。本文将介绍如何使用DCMTK库提取 DICOM 图像数据，并结合 OpenCV 实现图像显示与交互功能。
环境准备
Windows下用CMake编译DCMTK及配置测试-CSDN博客
功能说明
本程序基于DCMTK和OpenCV实现以下核心功能：
- 加载DICOM文件：提取DICOM文件的路径和序列号，按序列号进行排序。
- 解析DICOM图像数据并显示：使用DCMTK读取图像数据，并用OpenCV显示出来。
- 图像增强对比度：图像应用对数变换，使图像清晰。
- 导航功能：切换DICOM图像。
使用说明
- 需安装DCMTK库及OPENCV库。
- 将main函数中DicomData替换你的DICOM数据路径。
- 使用C++17特性。 如果设置不成功，解决方法参见:解决方案：__cplusplus宏的值始终为199711L（即 C++98）_199711 c++-CSDN博客
完整代码
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <string>
#include <algorithm>
#include <filesystem>
#include <cmath>// DCMTK头文件
#include "dcmtk/config/osconfig.h"
#include "dcmtk/dcmdata/dctk.h" //DcmFileFormat
#include "dcmtk/dcmimgle/dcmimage.h" //DicomImage
#include "dcmtk/dcmjpeg/djdecode.h" //DJDecoderRegistration// OpenCV头文件
#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>namespace fs = std::filesystem;
using namespace std;// 存储DICOM文件路径和对应的InstanceNumber
struct DicomFileInfo {std::string filePath;int instanceNumber;DicomFileInfo() : instanceNumber(-1) {}DicomFileInfo(const std::string& path, int number) : filePath(path), instanceNumber(number) {}bool operator<(const DicomFileInfo& other) const {return instanceNumber < other.instanceNumber;}
};// DICOM数据显示
class DicomViewer {
private:std::vector<DicomFileInfo> dicomFiles;size_t currentIndex;cv::Mat currentImage;std::string windowName;public:DicomViewer() : currentIndex(0) {}// 加载DICOM文件并排序bool loadDicomDirectory(const std::string& directory) {dicomFiles.clear();try {std::vector<std::string> filePaths;// 提取所有DICOM文件for (const auto& entry : fs::directory_iterator(directory)) {if (entry.is_regular_file()) {std::string ext = entry.path().extension().string();std::transform(ext.begin(), ext.end(), ext.begin(), ::tolower);if (ext == ".dcm" || ext == ".dicm" || ext == ".dicom") {filePaths.push_back(entry.path().string());}}}// 提取DICOM文件的序列号for (const auto& filePath : filePaths) {DcmFileFormat fileFormat;OFCondition status = fileFormat.loadFile(filePath.c_str());if (status.good()) {DcmDataset* dataset = fileFormat.getDataset();OFString strInstanceNumber;if (dataset->findAndGetOFString(DCM_InstanceNumber, strInstanceNumber).good()) {int instanceNumber = atoi(strInstanceNumber.c_str());dicomFiles.emplace_back(filePath, instanceNumber);}else {dicomFiles.emplace_back(filePath, -1);std::cerr << "警告: 文件 " << filePath << " 缺少InstanceNumber标签" << std::endl;}}else {std::cerr << "无法加载文件: " << filePath << " - 错误: " << status.text() << std::endl;}}// 排序std::sort(dicomFiles.begin(), dicomFiles.end());/*std::cout << "\n按InstanceNumber排序后的文件列表 (" << dicomFiles.size() << "个):" << std::endl;for (size_t i = 0; i < dicomFiles.size(); ++i) {std::cout << "[" << i + 1 << "] InstanceNumber: "<< (dicomFiles[i].instanceNumber >= 0 ? std::to_string(dicomFiles[i].instanceNumber) : "缺失")<< " - 文件: " << dicomFiles[i].filePath << std::endl;}*/}catch (const fs::filesystem_error& e) {std::cerr << "文件系统错误: " << e.what() << std::endl;return false;}if (dicomFiles.empty()) {std::cout << "未找到DICOM文件" << std::endl;return false;}std::cout << "\n成功加载并排序 " << dicomFiles.size() << " 个DICOM文件" << std::endl;return true;}// 对图像应用对数变换增强对比度cv::Mat applyLogTransform(const cv::Mat& input) {if (input.empty()) return cv::Mat();cv::Mat floatImage;input.convertTo(floatImage, CV_32F, 1.0 / 255.0); // 归一化到[0,1]cv::Mat logImage;cv::log(floatImage + 1, logImage); // 对数变换: log(1 + image)// 归一化到[0,1]double minVal, maxVal;cv::minMaxLoc(logImage, &minVal, &maxVal);cv::Mat result;if (maxVal > minVal) {logImage = (logImage - minVal) / (maxVal - minVal);}// 转换回8位无符号整型result = logImage * 255;result.convertTo(result, CV_8U);return result;}// 从DICOM文件提取图像数据bool loadDicomImage(const std::string& filePath) {DicomImage* dcmImage = new DicomImage(filePath.c_str());std::cout << "加载文件: " << filePath << std::endl;if (dcmImage == nullptr || dcmImage->getStatus() != EIS_Normal) {std::cerr << "图像加载失败: " << filePath<< " - 错误: " << DicomImage::getString(dcmImage->getStatus()) << std::endl;delete dcmImage;return false;}// 处理图像数据unsigned long width = dcmImage->getWidth();unsigned long height = dcmImage->getHeight();cv::Mat tempImage;if (dcmImage->isMonochrome()) {if (dcmImage->getOutputData(8)) {tempImage = cv::Mat(height, width, CV_8UC1);dcmImage->getOutputData(tempImage.data, width * height, 8);}else if (dcmImage->getOutputData(16)) {tempImage = cv::Mat(height, width, CV_16UC1);dcmImage->getOutputData(tempImage.data, width * height, 16);cv::Mat displayImage;cv::normalize(tempImage, displayImage, 0, 255, cv::NORM_MINMAX, CV_8UC1);tempImage = displayImage;}else {std::cerr << "不支持的像素格式" << std::endl;delete dcmImage;return false;}}else {tempImage = cv::Mat(height, width, CV_8UC3);dcmImage->getOutputData(tempImage.data, width * height * 3, 24);}delete dcmImage;// 应用对数变换增强对比度if (tempImage.channels() == 1) {currentImage = applyLogTransform(tempImage);}else {// 彩色图像转换为灰度图后应用对数变换cv::Mat grayImage;cv::cvtColor(tempImage, grayImage, cv::COLOR_BGR2GRAY);currentImage = applyLogTransform(grayImage);}return true;}// 显示当前图像（单窗口）bool displayCurrentImage() {if (dicomFiles.empty()) return false;if (loadDicomImage(dicomFiles[currentIndex].filePath)) {windowName = "DICOM Viewer";cv::imshow(windowName, currentImage);return true;}return false;}// 导航功能bool nextImage() {if (dicomFiles.empty()) return false;currentIndex = (currentIndex + 1) % dicomFiles.size();return displayCurrentImage();}bool prevImage() {if (dicomFiles.empty()) return false;currentIndex = (currentIndex - 1 + dicomFiles.size()) % dicomFiles.size();return displayCurrentImage();}size_t getCurrentIndex() const { return currentIndex; }size_t getTotalFiles() const { return dicomFiles.size(); }
};int main() {std::string dicomDir = "DicomData"; // 替换为实际路径DJDecoderRegistration::registerCodecs();DicomViewer viewer;if (!viewer.loadDicomDirectory(dicomDir)) return 1;if (!viewer.displayCurrentImage()) return 1;std::cout << "\n操作说明:" << std::endl;std::cout << " n: 下一张 | p: 上一张 | q: 退出" << std::endl;char key = 0;while (key != 'q') {key = cv::waitKey(0);switch (key) {case 'n': viewer.nextImage(); break;case 'p': viewer.prevImage(); break;case 'q': break;default: std::cout << "未知按键，请使用 n/p/q" << std::endl;}}cv::destroyAllWindows();DJDecoderRegistration::cleanup();return 0;
}
测试效果
读取DICOM序列
显示图像
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